Category Grammar
Answer
Present Perfect Simple
You may find thing interesting by the following URLs:http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/presentperfect.html
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_perfect_statements.htm (exercises for practicing)
Prefer & would rather
Prefer and would rather can be used interchangeably. When we are talking about general preferences,prefer is followed by verb-ing, thus:
- I prefer listening to music to watching TV.
- I‘d rather listen to music than watch TV.
Learning English with Mr. Livina
Passive Noun Definition
Passive Noun:
Noun, Gram.
a noun whose referent is the recipient of an action, as trainee, multiplicand.
No sooner … than, Hardly…when
If the second event occurs immediately after the first, we can express that idea using the structure no sooner … than.
Note that in this structure no sooner introduces the event that occurred first.
- No sooner had I arrived at the station than the train came. (= I came first and the train arrived right after me.)
- No sooner had we heard the noise than we rushed to the spot.
- No sooner had she finished one project than she started working on the next.
- No sooner had I closed my eyes than I fell asleep.
Note that did is also possible in this structure.
- No sooner did I arrive at the station than the train came.
- No sooner did we hear the noise than we rushed to the spot.
Notes
When we begin a sentence with a negative word, we put the auxiliary verb before the subject.
- No sooner had she read the letter than she started crying. (NOT No sooner she read the letter than she started crying.)
Note that when and before are not possible in this structure.
Hardly and scarcely
It is possible to express the same idea using hardly/scarcely…when.
- Hardly had I reached the station when the train came.
- Scarcely had I reached the station when the train arrived.
As soon as
This structure is also used with the same meaning.
- As soon as I arrived at the station, the train came.
- As soon as she finished one project, she started working on the next.
Read more at http://www.englishgrammar.org/sooner-hardlywhen/#wZVEdkjM8uVy12vq.99
Root, Prefix and Suffix
Root, Prefix or Suffix | Meaning | Examples |
a, ac, ad, af, ag, al, an, ap, as, at | to, toward, near, in addition to, by | aside, accompany, adjust, aggression, allocate, annihilate, affix, associate, attend, adverb |
a-, an- | not, without | apolitical, atheist, anarchy, anonymous, apathy, aphasia, anemia |
ab, abs | away from, off | absolve, abrupt, absent |
-able, -ible | Adjective: worth, ability | solvable, incredible |
acer, acid, acri | bitter, sour, sharp | acerbic, acidity, acrid, acrimony |
act, ag | do, act, drive | active, react, agent, active, agitate |
acu | sharp | acute, acupuncture, accurate |
-acy, -cy | Noun: state or quality | privacy, infancy, adequacy, intimacy, supremacy |
-ade | act, product, sweet drink | blockade, lemonade |
aer, aero | air, atmosphere, aviation | aerial, aerosol, aerodrome |
ag, agi, ig, act | do, move, go | agent, agenda, agitate, navigate, ambiguous, action |
-age | Noun: activity, or result of action | courage, suffrage, shrinkage, tonnage |
agri, agro | pertaining to fields or soil | agriculture, agroindustry |
-al | Noun: action, result of action | referral, disavowal, disposal, festival |
-al, -ial, -ical | Adjective: quality, relation | structural, territorial, categorical |
alb, albo | white, without pigment | albino, albite |
ali, allo, alter | other | alias, alibi, alien, alloy, alter, alter ego, altruism |
alt | high, deep | altimeter, altitude |
am, ami, amor | love, like, liking | amorous, amiable, amicable, enamoured |
ambi | both | ambidextrous |
ambul | to walk | ambulatory, amble, ambulance, somnambulist |
-an | Noun: person | artisan, guardian, historian, magician |
ana, ano | up, back, again, anew | anode, anagram, anagenetic |
-ance, -ence | Noun: action, state, quality or process | resistance, independence, extravagance, fraudulence |
-ancy, -ency | Noun: state, quality or capacity | vacancy, agency, truancy, latency |
andr, andro | male, characteristics of men | androcentric, android |
ang | angular | angle |
anim | mind, life, spirit, anger | animal, animate, animosity |
ann, annu, enni | yearly | annual, annual, annuity, anniversary, perrenial |
-ant, -ent | Noun: an agent, something that performs the action | disinfectant, dependent, fragrant |
-ant, -ent, -ient | Adjective: kind of agent, indication | important, dependent, convenient |
ante | before | anterior, anteroom, antebellum, antedate, antecedent antediluvian |
anthrop | man | anthropology, misanthrope, philanthropy |
anti, ant | against, opposite | antisocial, antiseptic, antithesis, antibody, antinomies, antifreeze, antipathy |
anti, antico | old | antique, antiquated, antiquity |
apo, ap, aph | away from, detached, formed | apology, apocalypse, aphagia |
aqu | water | aqueous |
-ar, -ary | Adjective: resembling, related to | spectacular, unitary |
arch | chief, first, rule | archangel, architect, archaic, monarchy, matriarchy, patriarchy, Archeozoic era |
-ard, -art | Noun: characterized | braggart, drunkard, wizard |
aster, astr | star | aster, asterisk, asteroid, astronomy, astronaut |
-ate | Noun: state, office, fuction | candidate, electorate, delegate |
-ate | Verb: cause to be | graduate, ameliorate, amputate, colligate |
-ate | Adjective: kind of state | inviolate |
-ation | Noun: action, resulting state | specialization, aggravation, alternation |
auc, aug, aut | to originate, to increase | augment , author, augment, auction |
aud, audi, aur, aus | to hear, listen | audience, audio, audible, auditorium, audiovisual, audition, auricular, ausculate |
aug, auc | increase | augur, augment, auction |
aut, auto | self | automobile, automatic, automotive, autograph, autonomous, autoimmune |
bar | weight, pressure | barometer |
be | on, around, over, about, excessively, make, cause, name, affect | berate, bedeck, bespeak, belittle, beleaguer |
belli | war | rebellion, belligerent, casus belli, bellicose |
bene | good, well, gentle | benefactor, beneficial, benevolent, benediction, beneficiary, benefit |
bi, bine | two | biped, bifurcate, biweekly, bivalve, biannual |
bibl, bibli, biblio | book | bibliophile, bibliography, Bible |
bio, bi | life | biography, biology, biometricsm biome, biosphere |
brev | short | abbreviate, brevity, brief |
cad, cap, cas, ceiv, cept, capt, cid, cip | to take, to seize, to hold | receive, deceive, capable, capacious, captive, accident, capture, occasion, concept, intercept, forceps, except, reciprocate |
cad, cas | to fall | cadaver, cadence, cascade |
-cade | procession | motorcade |
calor | heat | calorie, caloric, calorimeter |
capit, capt | head | decapitate, capital, captain, caption |
carn | flesh | carnivorous, incarnate, reincarnation, carnal |
cat, cata, cath | down, with | catalogue, category, catheter |
caus, caut | burn, heat | caustic, cauldron, cauterize |
cause, cuse, cus | cause, motive | because, excuse, accusation |
ceas, ced, cede, ceed, cess | to go, to yield, move, go, surrender | succeed, proceed, precede, recede, secession, exceed, succession |
cent | hundred | centennial, century, centipede |
centr, centri | center | eccentricity, centrifugal, concentric, eccentric |
chrom | color | chrome, chromosome, polychrome, chromatic |
chron | time | chronology, chronic, chronicle chronometer, anachronism, synchronize |
cide, cis, cise | to kill, to cut, cut down | fratricide, homicide, incision, incision, circumcision, scissors |
circum | around | circumnavigate, circumflex, circumstance, circumcision, circumference, circumorbital, circumlocution, circumvent, circumscribe, circulatory |
cit | call, start | incite, citation, cite |
civ | citizen | civic, civil, civilian, civilization |
clam, claim | cry out | exclamation, clamor, proclamation, reclamation, acclaim |
clin | lean, bend | decline, aclinic, inclination |
clud, clus claus | to close, shut | include, exclude, clause, claustrophobia, enclose, exclusive, reclusive, conclude |
co, cog, col, coll, con, com, cor | with, together | cohesiveness, cognate, collaborate, convene, commitment, compress, contemporary, converge, compact, confluence, convenient, concatenate, conjoin, combine, correct |
cogn, gnos | to know | recognize, cognizant, diagnose, agnostic, incognito, prognosis |
com, con | fully | complete, compel, conscious, condense, confess, confirm |
contr, contra, counter | against, opposite | contradict, counteract, contravene, contrary, counterspy, contrapuntal |
cord, cor, cardi | heart | cordial, concord, discord, courage, encourage |
corp | body | corporation, corporal punishment, corpse, corpulent, corpus luteum |
cort | correct | escort, cortage |
cosm | universe, world | cosmos, microcosm, cosmopolitan, cosmonaut |
cour, cur, curr, curs | run, course | occur, excursion, discourse, courier, course |
crat, cracy | rule | autocrat, aristocrat, theocracy, technocracy |
cre, cresc, cret, crease | grow | create, crescent, accretion, increase |
crea | create | creature, recreation, creation |
cred | believe | creed, credo, credence, credit, credulous, incredulous, incredible |
cresc, cret, crease, cru | rise, grow | crescendo, concrete, increase, decrease, accrue |
crit | separate, choose | critical, criterion, hypocrite |
cur, curs | run | current, concurrent, concur, incur, recur, occur, courier, precursor, cursive |
cura | care | curator, curative, manicure |
cycl, cyclo | wheel, circle, circular | Cyclops, unicycle, bicycle, cyclone, cyclic |
de- | from, down, away, to do the opposite, reverse, against | detach, deploy, derange, decrease, deodorize, devoid, deflate, degenerate |
dec, deca | ten, ten times | decimal, decade, decalogue, decimate, decathlon |
dec, dign | suitable | decent decorate dignity |
dei, div | God | divinity, divine, deity, divination, deify |
dem, demo | people, populace, population | democracy, demography, demagogue, epidemic |
dent, dont | tooth | dental, denture, orthodontist, periodontal |
derm | skin, covering | hypodermic, dermatology, epidermis, taxidermy |
di-, dy- | two, twice, double | divide, diverge, diglycerides |
dia | through, across, between | diameter, diagonal, dialogue dialect, dialectic, diagnosis, diachronic |
dic, dict, dit | say, speak | dictation, dictionary, dictate, dictator, Dictaphone, edict, predict, verdict, contradict, benediction |
dis, dif | not, opposite of, reverse, separate, deprive of, away | dismiss, differ, disallow, disperse, dissuade, divide, disconnect, disproportion, disrespect, distemper, disarray |
dit | give | credit, audit |
doc, doct | teach, prove | docile, doctor, doctrine, document, dogma, indoctrinate |
domin | master, that which is under control | dominate, dominion, predominant, domain |
don | give | donate, condone |
dorm | sleep | dormant, dormitory |
dox | thought, opinion, praise | orthodox, heterodox, paradox, doxology |
-drome | run, step | syndrome, aerodrome, velodrome |
duc, duct | to lead, pull | produce, abduct, product, transducer, viaduct, aqueduct, induct, deduct, reduce, induce |
dura | hard, lasting | durable, duration, endure |
dynam | power | dynamo, dynamic, dynamite, hydrodynamics |
dys- | bad, abnormal, difficult, impaired, unfavorable | dysfunctional, dyslexia, dyspathy |
e- | not, missing, out, fully, away, computer network related | emit, embed, eternal,ether, erase, email, e-tailer |
ec- | out of, outside | echo, eclipse, eclectic, ecesis, ecstasy, exzema |
eco- | household, environment, relating to ecology or economy | ecology, economize, ecospheres, ecomanagement |
ecto- | outside, external | ectomorph, ectoderm, ectoplasm |
-ed | Verb: past tense | dressed, faded, patted, closed, introduced |
-ed | Adjective: having the quality or characteristics of | winged, moneyed, dogged, tiered |
-en | Verb: to cause to become | lengthen, moisten, sharpen |
-en | Adjective: material | golden, woolen, silken |
en-, em- | put into, make, provide with, surround with | enamor, embolden, enslave, empower, entangle |
-ence, -ency | Noun: action or process, quality or state | reference, emergency, dependence, eminence, latency |
end- | inside, within | endorse, endocardial, endergonic, endoskeleton, endoscope, endogenous |
epi- | upon, close to, over, after, altered | epicenter, epicarp, epilogue, epigone, epidiorite |
equi- | equal | equidistant, equilateral, equilibrium, equinox, equation, equator |
-er, -ier | Adjective: comparative | better, brighter, sooner, hotter, happier |
-er, -or | Noun: person or thing that does something | flyer, reporter, player, member, fryer, collector, concentrator |
-er, -or | Verb: action | ponder, dishonor, clamor |
erg | work, effect | energy, erg, allergy, ergometer, ergograph, ergophobia |
-ery | collective qualities, art, practice, trade, collection, state, condition | snobbery, bakery, geenery, gallery, slavery |
-es, -ies | Noun: plural of most nouns ending in -ch, -s, -sh, -o and -z and some in -f and -y | passes, glasses, ladies, heroes |
-es, -ies | Verb: third person singular present indicative of verbs that end in -ch, -s, -sh, – and some in -y | blesses, hushes, fizzes, defies |
-ess | female | actress, goddess, poetess |
-est, -iest | Adjective or Adverb: superlative | latest, strongest, luckiest, lyingest |
ev-, et- | time, age | medieval, eternal |
ex- | out of, away from, lacking, former | exit, exhale, exclusive, exceed, explosion, ex-mayor |
exter-, extra-, extro- | outside of, beyond | external, extrinsic, extraordinary, extrapolate, extraneous, extrovert |
fa, fess | speak | fable, fabulous, fame, famous, confess, profess |
fac, fact, fec, fect, fic, fas, fea | do, make | difficult, fashion, feasible, feature, factory, fact, effect, manufacture, amplification, confection |
fall, fals | deceive | fallacy, falsify, fallacious |
femto | quadrillionth | femtosecond |
fer | bear, carry | ferry, coniferous, fertile, defer, infer, refer, transfer |
fic, feign, fain, fit, feat | shape, make, fashion | fiction, faint, feign |
fid | belief, faith | confide, diffident, fidelity |
fid, fide, feder | faith, trust | confidante, fidelity, confident, infidelity, infidel, federal, confederacy, semper fi |
fig | shape, form | figurem, effigy, figure, figment |
fila, fili | thread | filigree, filament, filter, filet, filibuster |
fin | end, ended, finished | final, finite, finish, confine, fine, refine, define, finale |
fix | repair, attach | fix, fixation, fixture, affix, prefix, suffix |
flex, flect | bend | flex, reflex, flexible, flexor, inflexibility, reflect, deflect,circumflex |
flict | strike | affliction, conflict, inflict |
flu, fluc, fluv, flux | flow | influence, fluid, flue, flush, fluently, fluctuate, reflux, influx |
-fold | Adverb: in a manner of, marked by | fourfold |
for, fore | before | forecast, fortune, foresee |
forc, fort | strength, strong | effort, fort, forte, fortifiable, fortify, forte, fortitude |
form | shape, resemble | form, format, conform, formulate, perform, formal, formula |
fract, frag, frai | break | fracture, infraction, fragile, fraction, refract, frail |
fuge | flee | subterfuge, refuge, centrifuge |
-ful | Noun: an amount or quanity that fills | mouthful |
-ful | Adjective: having, giving, marked by | fanciful |
fuse | pour | confuse, transfuse |
-fy | make, form into | falsify, dandify |
gam | marriage | bigamy, monogamy, polygamy |
gastr, gastro | stomach | gastric, gastronomic, gastritis, gastropod |
gen | kind | generous |
gen | birth, race, produce | genesis, genetics, eugenics, genealogy, generate, genetic, antigen, pathogen |
geo | earth | geometry, geography, geocentric, geology |
germ | vital part | germination, germ, germane |
gest | carry, bear | congest, gestation |
giga | billion | gigabyte, gigaflop |
gin | careful | gingerly |
gloss, glot | tongue | glossary, polyglot, epiglottis |
glu, glo | lump, bond, glue | glue, agglutinate, conglomerate |
gor | to gather, to bring together | category, categorize |
grad, gress, gree | to gather, to bring together, step, go | grade, degree, progress, gradual, graduate, egress |
graph, gram, graf | write, written, draw | graph, graphic, autograph, photography, graphite, telegram, polygraph, grammar, biography, lithograph, graphic |
grat | pleasing | congratulate, gratuity, grateful, ingrate |
grav | heavy, weighty | grave, gravity, aggravate, gravitate |
greg | herd | gregarious, congregation, segregate, gregarian |
hale, heal | make whole, sound | inhale, exhale, heal, healthy, healthiness |
helio | sun | heliograph, heliotrope, heliocentric |
hema, hemo | blood | hemorrhage, hemoglobin, hemophilia, hemostat |
her, here, hes | stick | adhere, cohere, cohesion, inherent, hereditary, hesitate |
hetero | other, different | heterodox, heterogeneous, heterosexual, heterodyne |
hex, ses, sex | six | hexagon, hexameter, sestet, sextuplets |
homo | same | homogenize, homosexual, homonym, homophone |
hum, human | earth, ground, man | humus, exhume, humane |
hydr, hydra, hydro | water | dehydrate, hydrant, hydraulic, hydraulics, hydrogen, hydrophobia |
hyper | over, above | hyperactive, hypertensive, hyperbolic, hypersensitive, hyperventilate, hyperkinetic |
hypn | sleep | hypnosis, hypnotherapy |
-ia | Noun: names, diseases | phobia |
-ian, an | Noun: related to, one that is | pedestrian, human |
-iatry | Noun: art of healing | psychiatry |
-ic | Adjective: quality, relation | generic |
-ic, ics | Noun: related to the arts and sciences | arithmetic, economics |
-ice | Noun: act | malice |
-ify | Verb: cause | specify |
ignis | fire | ignite, igneous, ignition |
-ile | Adjective: having the qualities of | projectile |
in, im | into, on, near, towards | instead, import |
in, im, il, ir | not | illegible, irresolute, inaction, inviolate, innocuous, intractable, innocent, impregnable, impossible, imposter |
infra | beneath | infrared, infrastructure |
-ing | Noun: material made for, activity, result of an activity | flooring, swimming, building |
-ing | Verb: present participle | depicting |
-ing | Adjective: activity | cohering |
inter | between, among | international, intercept, interject, intermission, internal, intermittent, |
intra | within, during, between layers, underneath | intramural, intranet, intranatal |
intro | into, within, inward | interoffice, introvert, introspection, introduce |
-ion | Noun: condition or action | abduction |
-ish | Adjective: having the character of | newish |
-ism | Noun: doctrine, belief, action or conduct | formalism |
-ist | Noun: person or member | podiatrist |
-ite | Noun: state or quality | graphite |
-ity, ty | Noun: state or quality | lucidity, novelty |
-ive | Noun: condition | native |
-ive, -ative, -itive | Adjective: having the quality of | festive, cooperative, sensitive |
-ize | Verb: cause | fantasize |
jac, ject | throw | reject, eject, project, trajectory, interject, dejected, inject, ejaculate, adjacent |
join, junct | join | adjoining, enjoin, juncture, conjunction, injunction, conjunction |
judice | judge | prejudice |
jug, junct, just | to join | junction, adjust, conjugal |
juven | young | juvenile, rejuvenate |
labor | work | laborious, belabor |
lau, lav, lot, lut | wash | launder, lavatory, lotion, ablution, dilute |
lect, leg, lig | choose, gather, select, read | collect, legible, eligible |
leg | law | legal, legislate, legislature, legitimize |
-less | Adjective: without, missing | motiveless |
levi | light | alleviate, levitate, levity |
lex, leag, leg | law | legal, college, league |
liber, liver | free | liberty, liberal, liberalize, deliverance |
lide | strike | collide, nuclide |
liter | letters | literary, literature, literal, alliteration, obliterate |
loc, loco | place, area | location, locally, locality, allocate, locomotion |
log, logo, ology | word, study, say, speech, reason, study | catalog, prologue, dialogue, zoology, logo |
loqu, locut | talk, speak | eloquent, loquacious, colloquial, circumlocution |
luc, lum, lun, lus, lust | light | translucent, luminary, luster, luna, illuminate, illustrate |
lude | play | prelude |
-ly | Adverb: in the manner of | fluently |
macr-, macer | lean | emaciated, meager |
magn | great | magnify, magnificent, magnanimous, magnate, magnitude, magnum |
main | strength, foremost | mainstream, mainsail, domain, remain |
mal | bad, badly | malformation, maladjusted, dismal, malady, malcontent,malfunction, malfeasance, maleficent |
man, manu | hand, make, do | manual, manage, manufacture, manacle, manicure, manifest, maneuver, emancipate, management |
mand | command | mandatory, remand, mandate |
mania | madness | mania, maniac, kleptomania, pyromania |
mar, mari, mer | sea, pool | marine, marsh, maritime, mermaid |
matri | mother | matrimony, maternal, matriarchate, matron |
medi | half, middle, between, halfway | mediate, medieval, Mediterranean, mediocre, medium |
mega | great, million | megaphone, megaton, megaflop, megalomaniac, megabyte, megalopolis |
mem | recall, remember | memo, commemoration, memento, memoir, memorable |
ment | mind | mental, mention |
-ment | Noun: condition or result | document |
meso | middle | mesomorph, mesoamerica, mesosphere |
meta | beyond, change | metaphor, metamorphosis, metabolism, metahistorical, metainformation |
meter | measure | meter, voltammeter, barometer, thermometer |
metr | admeasure, apportion | metrics, asymmetric, parametric, telemetry |
micro | small, millionth | microscope, microfilm, microcard, microwave, micrometer, microvolt |
migra | wander | migrate, emigrant, immigrate |
mill, kilo | thousand | millennium, kilobyte, kiloton |
milli | thousandth | millisecond, milligram, millivolt |
min | little, small | minute, minor, minuscule |
mis | wrong, bad, badly | misconduct, misinform, misinterpret, mispronounce, misnomer, mistake, misogynist |
mit, miss | send | emit, remit, submit, admit, commit, permit, transmit, omit, intermittent, mission, missile |
mob, mov, mot | move | motion, remove, mobile, motor |
mon | warn, remind | monument, admonition, monitor, premonition |
mono | one | monopoly, monotype, monologue, mononucleosis, monorail, monotheist, |
mor, mort | mortal, death | mortal, immortal, mortality, mortician, mortuary |
morph | shape, form | amorphous, dimorphic, metamorphosis, morphology, polymorphic, morpheme, amorphous |
multi | many, much | multifold, multilingual, multiped, multiply, multitude, multipurpose, multinational |
nano | billionth | nanosecond, nanobucks |
nasc, nat, gnant, nai | to be born | nascent, native, pregnant, naive |
nat, nasc | to be from, to spring forth | innate, natal, native, renaissance |
neo | new | Neolithic, nuveau riche, neologism, neophyte, neonate |
-ness | Noun: state, condition, quality | kindness |
neur | nerve | neuritis, neuropathic, neurologist, neural, neurotic |
nom | law, order | autonomy, astronomy, gastronomy, economy |
nom, nym | name | nominate, synonym |
nomen, nomin | name | nomenclature, nominate, ignominious |
non | nine | nonagon |
non | not | nonferrous, nonsense, nonabrasive, nondescript |
nov | new | novel, renovate, novice, nova, innovate |
nox, noc | night | nocturnal, equinox, noctilucent |
numer | number | numeral, numeration, enumerate, innumerable |
numisma | coin | numismatics |
ob, oc, of, op | toward, against, in the way | oppose, occur, offer, obtain |
oct | eight | octopus, octagon, octogenarian, octave |
oligo | few, little | Oligocene, oligosaccharide, oligotrophic, oligarchy |
omni | all, every | omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, omnivorous |
onym | name | anonymous, pseudonym, antonym, synonym |
oper | work | operate, cooperate, opus |
-or | Noun: condition or activity | valor, honor, humor, minor |
ortho | straight, correct | orthodox, orthodontist, orthopedic, unorthodox |
-ory | Noun: place for, serves for | territory, rectory |
-ous, -eous, -ose, -ious | Adjective: having the quality of, relating to | adventurous, courageous, verbose, fractious |
over | excessive, above | overwork, overall, overwork |
pac | peace | pacifist, pacify, pacific ocean |
pair, pare | arrange, assemblage, two | repair, impair, compare, prepare |
paleo | old | Paleozoic, Paleolithic, paleomagnetism, paleopsychology |
pan | all | Pan-American, pan-African, panacea, pandemonium (place of all the demons), |
para | beside | paradox, paraprofessional, paramedic, paraphrase, parachute |
pat, pass, path | feel, suffer | patient, passion, sympathy, pathology |
pater, patr | father | paternity, patriarch, patriot, patron, patronize |
path, pathy | feeling, suffering | pathos, sympathy, antipathy, apathy, telepathy |
ped, pod | foot | pedal, impede, pedestrian, centipede, tripod, podiatry, antipode, podium |
pedo | child | orthopedic, pedagogue, pediatrics |
pel, puls | drive, push, urge | compel, dispel, expel, repel, propel, pulse, impulse, pulsate, compulsory, expulsion, repulsive |
pend, pens, pond | hang, weigh | pendant, pendulum, suspend, appendage, pensive, append |
per | through, intensive | persecute, permit, perspire, perforate, persuade |
peri | around | periscope, perimeter, perigee, periodontal |
phage | eat | macrophage, bacteriophage |
phan, phas, phen, fan, phant, fant | show, make visible | phantom, fantasy |
phe | speak | blaspheme, cipher, phenomenon, philosopher |
phil | love | philosopher, philanthropy, philharmonic, bibliophile |
phlegma | inflammation | phlegm, phlegmatic |
phobia, phobos | fear | phobia, claustrophobia, acrophobia, aquaphobia, ergophobia, homophobia |
phon | sound | telephone, phonics, phonograph, phonetic, homophone, microphone, symphony, euphonious |
phot, photo | light | photograph, photoelectric, photogenic, photosynthesis, photon |
pico | trillionth | picofarad, picocurie, picovolt |
pict | paint, show, draw | picture, depict |
plac, plais | please | placid, placebo, placate, complacent |
pli, ply | fold | reply, implicate, ply |
plore | cry out, wail | implore, exploration, deploring |
plu, plur, plus | more | plural, pluralist, plus |
pneuma, pneumon | breath | pneumatic, pneumonia, |
pod | foot, feet | podiatry, tripod |
poli | city | metropolis, police, politics, Indianapolis, megalopolis, acropolis |
poly | many | polytheist, polygon, polygamy, polymorphous |
pon, pos, pound | place, put | postpone, component, opponent, proponent, expose, impose, deposit, posture, position, expound, impound |
pop | people | population, populous, popular |
port | carry | porter, portable, transport, report, export, import, support, transportation |
portion | part, share | portion, proportion |
post | after, behind | postpone, postdate |
pot | power | potential, potentate, impotent |
pre, pur | before | precede |
prehendere | seize, grasp | apprehend, comprehend, comprehensive, prehensile |
prin, prim, prime | first | primacy, prima donna, primitive, primary, primal, primeval, prince, principal |
pro | for, foward | propel |
proto | first | prototype, protocol, protagonist, protozoan, Proterozoic, protoindustrial |
psych | mind, soul | psyche, psychiatry, psychology, psychosis |
punct | point, dot | punctual, punctuation, puncture, acupuncture, punctuation |
pute | think | dispute, computer |
quat, quad | four | quadrangle, quadruplets |
quint, penta | five | quintet, quintuplets, pentagon, pentane, pentameter |
quip | ship | equip, equipment |
quir, quis, quest, quer | seek, ask | query, inquire, exquisite, quest |
re | back, again | report, realign, retract, revise, regain |
reg, recti | straighten | regiment, regular, rectify, correct, direct, rectangle |
retro | backwards | retrorocket, retrospect, retrogression, retroactive |
ri, ridi, risi | laughter | deride, ridicule, ridiculous, derision, risible |
rog, roga | ask | prerogative, interrogation, derogatory |
rupt | break | rupture, interrupt, abrupt, disrupt, ruptible |
sacr, sanc, secr | sacred | sacred, sacrosanct, sanction, consecrate, desecrate |
salv, salu | safe, healthy | salvation, salvage, salutation |
sanct | holy | sanctify, sanctuary, sanction, sanctimonious, sacrosanct |
sat, satis | enough | satient, saturate, satisfy |
sci, scio, scientia | know | science, conscious, omniscient, cognocienti |
scope | see, watch | telescope, microscope, kaleidoscope, periscope, stethoscope |
scrib, script | write | scribe, scribble, inscribe, describe, subscribe, prescribe, manuscript |
se | apart, move away from | secede |
sect, sec | cut | intersect, transect, dissect, secant, section |
sed, sess, sid | sit | sediment, session, obsession, possess, preside, president, reside, subside |
semi | half, partial | semifinal, semiconscious, semiannual, semimonthly, semicircle |
sen, scen | old, grow old | senior, senator, senile, senescence, evanescent |
sent, sens | feel, think | sentiment, consent, resent, dissent, sentimental, sense, sensation, sensitive, sensory, dissension |
sept | seven | septet, septennial |
sequ, secu, sue | follow | sequence, consequence, sequel, subsequent, prosecute, consecutive, second, ensue, pursue |
serv | save, serve, keep | servant, service, subservient, servitude, preserve, conserve, reservation, deserve, conservation, observe |
-ship | Noun: status, condition | relationship, friendship |
sign, signi | sign, mark, seal | signal, signature, design, insignia, significant |
simil, simul | like, resembling | similar, assimilate, simulate, simulacrum, simultaneous |
sist, sta, stit | stand, withstand, make up | assist, insist, persist, circumstance, stamina, status, state, static, stable, stationary, substitute |
soci | to join, companions | sociable, society |
sol, solus | alone | solo, soliloquy, solitaire, solitude, solitary, isolate |
solv, solu, solut | loosen, explain | solvent, solve, absolve, resolve, soluble, solution, resolution, resolute, dissolute, absolution |
somn | sleep | insomnia, somnambulist |
soph | wise | sophomore (wise fool), philosophy, sophisticated |
spec, spect, spi, spic | look, see | specimen, specific, spectator, spectacle, aspect, speculate, inspect, respect, prospect, retrospective, introspective, expect, conspicuous |
sper | render favorable | prosper |
sphere | ball, sphere | sphere, stratosphere, hemisphere, spheroid |
spir | breath | spirit, conspire, inspire, aspire, expire, perspire, respiration |
stand, stant, stab, stat, stan, sti, sta, st, stead | stand | stature, establish, stance |
-ster | person | mobster, monster |
strain, strict, string, stige | bind, pull, draw tight | stringent, strict, restrict, constrict, restrain, boa constrictor |
stru, struct, stroy, stry | build | construe, structure, construct, instruct, obstruct, destruction, destroy, industry, ministry |
sub, suc, suf, sup, sur, sus | under, below, from, secretly, instead of | sustain, survive, support, suffice, succeed, submerge, submarine, substandard, subnormal, subvert |
sume, sump | take, use, waste | consume, assume, sump, presumption |
super, supra | over, above | superior, suprarenal, superscript, supernatural, superimpose, supercede |
syn, sym | together, at the same time | sympathy, synthesis, synchronous, syndicate |
tact, tang, tag, tig, ting | touch | tactile, contact, intact, intangible, tangible, contagious, contiguous, contingent |
tain, ten, tent, tin | hold, keep, have | retain, continue, content, tenacious |
tect, teg | cover | detect, protect, tegular, tegument |
tele | distance, far, from afar | telephone, telegraph, telegram, telescope, television, telephoto, telecast, telepathy, telepathy |
tem, tempo | time | tempo, temporary, extemporaneously, contemporary, pro tem, temporal |
ten, tin, tain | hold | tenacious, tenant, tenure, untenable, detention, retentive, content, pertinent, continent, obstinate, contain, abstain, pertain, detain |
tend, tent, tens | stretch, strain | tendency, extend, intend, contend, pretend, superintend, tender, extent, tension, pretense |
tera | trillion | terabyte, teraflop |
term | end, boundary, limit | exterminate, terminal |
terr, terra | earth | terrain, terrarium, territory, terrestrial |
test | to bear witness | testament, detest, testimony, attest, testify |
the, theo | God, a god | monotheism, polytheism, atheism, theology |
therm | heat | thermometer, theorem, thermal, thermos bottle, thermostat, hypothermia |
thesis, thet | place, put | antithesis, hypothesis, synthesis, epithet |
tire | draw, pull | attire, retire, entire |
tom | cut | atom (not cutable), appendectomy, tonsillectomy, dichotomy, anatomy |
tor, tors, tort | twist | torture, retort, extort, distort, contort, torsion, tortuous, torturous |
tox | poison | toxic, intoxicate, antitoxin |
tract, tra, trai, treat | drag, draw, pull | attract, tractor, traction, extract, retract, protract, detract, subtract, contract, intractable |
trans | across, beyond, change | transform, transoceanic, transmit, transportation, transducer |
tri | three | tripod, triangle, trinity, trilateral |
trib | pay, bestow | tribute, contribute, attribute, retribution, tributary |
tribute | give | contribute, distribute, tributary |
turbo | disturb | turbulent, disturb, turbid, turmoil |
typ | type, prototype, typical, typography, typewriter, typology, typify | |
ultima | last | ultimate, ultimatum |
umber, umbraticum | shadow | umbra, penumbra, (take) umbrage, adumbrate |
un | not, against, opposite | unceasing, unequal |
uni | one | uniform, unilateral, universal, unity, unanimous, unite, unison, unicorn |
-ure | Noun: act, condition, process, function | exposure, conjecture, measure |
vac | empty | vacate, vacuum, evacuate, vacation, vacant, vacuous |
vade | go | evade, invader |
vale, vali, valu | strength, worth | equivalent, valiant, validity, evaluate, value, valor |
veh, vect | to carry | vector, vehicle, convection, vehement |
ven, vent | come | convene, intervene, venue, convenient, avenue, circumvent, invent, convent, venture, event, advent, prevent |
ver, veri | true | very, aver, verdict, verity, verify, verisimilitude |
verb, verv | word | verify, veracity, verbalize, verve |
vert, vers | turn, change | convert, revert, advertise, versatile, vertigo, invert, reversion, extravert, introvert, diversion, introvert, convertible, reverse, controversy |
vi | way | viable, vibrate, vibrant |
vic, vicis | change, substitute | vicarious, vicar, vicissitude |
vict, vinc | conquer | victor, evict, convict, convince, invincible |
vid, vis | see | video, evident, provide, providence, visible, revise, supervise, vista, visit, vision, review, indivisible |
viv, vita, vivi | alive, life | revive, survive, vivid, vivacious, vitality, vivisection, vital, vitamins, revitalize |
voc, voke | call | vocation, avocation, convocation, invocation, evoke, provoke, revoke, advocate, provocative, vocal |
vol | will | malevolent, benevolent, volunteer, volition |
volcan | fire | volcano, vulcanize, Vulcan |
volv, volt, vol | turn about, roll | revolve, voluble, voluminous, convolution, revolt, evolution |
vor | eat greedily | voracious, carnivorous, herbivorous, omnivorous, devour |
-ward | Adverb: in a direction or manner | homeward |
-wise | Adverb: in the manner of, with regard to | timewise, clockwise, bitwise |
with | against | withhold, without, withdraw, forthwith |
-y | Noun: state, condition, result of an activity | society, victory |
-y | Adjective: marked by, having | hungry, angry, smeary, teary |
zo | animal | zoo (zoological garden), zoology, zodiac, protozoan |
See more: http://www.prefixsuffix.com/
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Noun: indentify and formation
Identification of noun
How to identify a noun:
1. A word used as the subject or object of a verb is noun.
2. The subject and object of gerund, participle or infinitive is a noun.
3. A word used after the preposition is a noun.
4. A word used after the possessive is a noun.
5. A word used exactly after article (a, an, the) is noun.
Example:
1. Happiness brings peace. He hunts a dear.
2. To solve the problem is interesting. Writing books is always challenging.
3. Love comes from heaven. We believe in sincerity.
4. I respect his honesty. He hated her selfishness.
5. The poor are born to suffer. She is a pleader.
Formation of noun:
1. Determiner + Noun: The construction.
2. Determiner + Adjective + Noun: The constructive plan.
3. Determiner + Noun + Preposition + Noun: The winner of prize.
4. Determiner + Noun + Preposition + Determiner + Noun: A proposal of the prime minister.
– See more at: http://grammar24.blogspot.com/2011/08/identification-and-formation-of-noun.html#sthash.ullAcvDG.dpuf
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